{"id":1757,"date":"2023-04-14T01:25:57","date_gmt":"2023-04-14T01:25:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tetrasod.com\/?page_id=1757"},"modified":"2026-05-26T13:22:47","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T13:22:47","slug":"scientific-studies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tetrasod.com\/en\/scientific-studies\/","title":{"rendered":"Scientific Studies Backed TetraSOD\u00ae Properties"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1757\" class=\"elementor elementor-1757\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4584745 padtopdown elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4584745\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f56c03\" data-id=\"1f56c03\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa3cc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5aa3cc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Scientific Studies Backed TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Properties<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1943c2b elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"1943c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/tetrasod.com\/en\/\">Portada<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cff638a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cff638a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e1ee795 padtopdown\" data-id=\"e1ee795\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dee780 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2dee780\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Index of contents:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Scientific Research on the TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> ingredient<\/li><li>Relevant Scientific articles on SOD<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-60a8840 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"60a8840\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd8d6f2\" data-id=\"bd8d6f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d65c96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d65c96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8920e3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8920e3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"scientific_research_about_tetrasod\" class=\"subtitle\" style=\"font-style: normal;\">Completed Scientific Research about TetraSOD<span style=\"font-size: 26.25px; height: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: 1ex;\">\u00ae<\/span><\/h2><p>One of our primary goals has always been to\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">support the benefits of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/tetrasod.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TetraSOD<span style=\"font-size: 12px; height: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: 1ex;\">\u00ae<\/span><\/a>\u00a0with world-class scientific research<\/span>. For this reason, we have carried out our studies in the hands of\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">researchers specialized in antioxidant properties and their health benefits<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f5b7ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f5b7ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Studies Sumary<br><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9a25bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d9a25bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Improvement of Semen Quality in Idiopathic Infertile Men by Dietary Supplementation with TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>: A Pilot Clinical Trial<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edabf50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"edabf50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2491\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2491\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Authors<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2491\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2491\"><p>Juan Manuel Corral, Meritxell Jodar, Roger Matheu, Eva Gonz\u00e1lez, Enrique Casta\u00f1o, Carlos Unamunzaga, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n and Carlos Infante<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2492\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2492\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">About<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2492\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2492\"><p>A randomized double-blind pilot trial was carried out to assess the potential beneficial effects of TetraSOD&lt;sup&gt;\u00ae&lt;\/sup&gt; on the semen quality of idiopathic infertile men. Forty individuals were recruited and divided into two experimental groups, receiving either 25 mg\/day or 250 mg\/day of TetraSOD&lt;sup&gt;\u00ae&lt;\/sup&gt; for 90 days. Semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number, progressive motility, and normal forms were determined both at the commencement (t=0) and the end (t=3 months) of the trial. Statistically significant increases in all parameters but normal forms were induced by the highest dose of TetraSOD&lt;sup&gt;\u00ae&lt;\/sup&gt;, revealing the potential use of this ingredient in the clinical treatment of idiopathic infertility in men.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2493\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2493\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Results<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2493\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2493\"><p>At t=0, no statistically significant differences were observed for any parameter between individuals targeted to either 25 mg\/day or 250 mg\/day group, indicating initial homogeneity of the two experimental groups. However, after the supplementation period with TetraSOD\u00ae, individuals consuming 250 mg\/day exhibited significantly higher values than those receiving 25 mg\/day in semen volume (3.09 ml vs 2.45 ml), sperm concentration (17.16 vs 11.63 x 106 sperm\/ml), total sperm number (52.75 vs 28.17 x 106 sperm), and progressive motility (32.85 vs 26.10%). Moreover, the 90 days supplementation period with 250 mg\/day provoked significant increases in relation to initial values at t=0 in semen volume (34.93%), sperm concentration (86.16%), total sperm number (137.6%), and progressive motility (25.86%). Additionally, supplementation with 250 mg\/day allowed sperm concentration, total sperm number, and progressive motility to be over the respective LRL established by the WHO [21]. The group receiving 25 mg\/day also exhibited significant increases (although lower compared with 250 mg\/day) at t=3 months when compared to t=0 in semen volume (21.29%) and total sperm number (77.74%), but not in sperm concentration and progressive motility. Finally, no significant effect of TetraSOD\u00ae supplementation was observed in normal forms.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2494\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2494\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Conclusions<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2494\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2494\"><p>A 90-day dietary supplementation period with 250 mg\/day of TetraSOD\u00ae increased semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number, and progressive motility in idiopathic infertile men. These results suggest that TetraSOD\u00ae may enhance male fertility.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2495\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2495\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Link<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2495\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2495\"><a href=\"https:\/\/biomedres.us\/fulltexts\/BJSTR.MS.ID.007999.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Article<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Authors\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Juan Manuel Corral, Meritxell Jodar, Roger Matheu, Eva Gonz\\u00e1lez, Enrique Casta\\u00f1o, Carlos Unamunzaga, Lalia Mantec\\u00f3n and Carlos Infante<\\\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"About\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>A randomized double-blind pilot trial was carried out to assess the potential beneficial effects of TetraSOD&lt;sup&gt;\\u00ae&lt;\\\/sup&gt; on the semen quality of idiopathic infertile men. Forty individuals were recruited and divided into two experimental groups, receiving either 25 mg\\\/day or 250 mg\\\/day of TetraSOD&lt;sup&gt;\\u00ae&lt;\\\/sup&gt; for 90 days. Semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number, progressive motility, and normal forms were determined both at the commencement (t=0) and the end (t=3 months) of the trial. Statistically significant increases in all parameters but normal forms were induced by the highest dose of TetraSOD&lt;sup&gt;\\u00ae&lt;\\\/sup&gt;, revealing the potential use of this ingredient in the clinical treatment of idiopathic infertility in men.<\\\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Results\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>At t=0, no statistically significant differences were observed for any parameter between individuals targeted to either 25 mg\\\/day or 250 mg\\\/day group, indicating initial homogeneity of the two experimental groups. However, after the supplementation period with TetraSOD\\u00ae, individuals consuming 250 mg\\\/day exhibited significantly higher values than those receiving 25 mg\\\/day in semen volume (3.09 ml vs 2.45 ml), sperm concentration (17.16 vs 11.63 x 106 sperm\\\/ml), total sperm number (52.75 vs 28.17 x 106 sperm), and progressive motility (32.85 vs 26.10%). Moreover, the 90 days supplementation period with 250 mg\\\/day provoked significant increases in relation to initial values at t=0 in semen volume (34.93%), sperm concentration (86.16%), total sperm number (137.6%), and progressive motility (25.86%). Additionally, supplementation with 250 mg\\\/day allowed sperm concentration, total sperm number, and progressive motility to be over the respective LRL established by the WHO [21]. The group receiving 25 mg\\\/day also exhibited significant increases (although lower compared with 250 mg\\\/day) at t=3 months when compared to t=0 in semen volume (21.29%) and total sperm number (77.74%), but not in sperm concentration and progressive motility. Finally, no significant effect of TetraSOD\\u00ae supplementation was observed in normal forms.<\\\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Conclusions\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>A 90-day dietary supplementation period with 250 mg\\\/day of TetraSOD\\u00ae increased semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number, and progressive motility in idiopathic infertile men. These results suggest that TetraSOD\\u00ae may enhance male fertility.<\\\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Link\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/biomedres.us\\\/fulltexts\\\/BJSTR.MS.ID.007999.php\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\" style=\\\"color:#FFFFFF\\\">Article<\\\/a>\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a86014f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a86014f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> activates the antioxidant response pathway in human cells<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcdda35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"fcdda35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Authors<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2651\"><p>Ram\u00edrez, P., Mantec\u00f3n, L., Unamunzaga, C., Infante, C.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">About<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2652\"><p>TetraSOD\u00ae activates the antioxidant response pathway in human cells: An in vitro approach<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Results<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2653\"><p>In this work, we examined the antioxidant bioactivity of TetraSOD\u00ae in muscle cells (Normal Human Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts, HSMMs) using an in vitro approach. We detected an induction of primary antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPx, and CAT) which was further related to gene expression up-regulation of a selected set of genes involved in response against oxidative stress, including NRF2 and HMOX1.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Conclusions<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2654\"><p>It has been demonstrated that TetraSOD\u00ae exerts its antioxidant capacity via the master antioxidant switch NRF2\/HMOX-1 pathway, selected genes being additionally regulated at transcriptional level.<br \/>TetraSOD\u00ae induces the cells endogenous production of SOD, CAT and GPX.<br \/>TetraSOD\u00ae activates the internal antioxidant system of the organism (indirect antioxidant) in contrast to other antioxidants that exert its antioxidant activity by directly scavenging free radicals (that is, there has been only demonstrated that they have antioxidant capacity in an in vitro test like DPPH or ORAC protocols).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Link<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2655\"><a href=\"https:\/\/academicjournals.org\/journal\/AJB\/article-full-text-pdf\/68ACCC163957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">PDF<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Authors\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Ram\\u00edrez, P., Mantec\\u00f3n, L., Unamunzaga, C., Infante, C.<\\\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"About\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>TetraSOD\\u00ae activates the antioxidant response pathway in human cells: An in vitro approach<\\\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Results\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>In this work, we examined the antioxidant bioactivity of TetraSOD\\u00ae in muscle cells (Normal Human Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts, HSMMs) using an in vitro approach. We detected an induction of primary antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPx, and CAT) which was further related to gene expression up-regulation of a selected set of genes involved in response against oxidative stress, including NRF2 and HMOX1.<\\\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Conclusions\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>It has been demonstrated that TetraSOD\\u00ae exerts its antioxidant capacity via the master antioxidant switch NRF2\\\/HMOX-1 pathway, selected genes being additionally regulated at transcriptional level.<br \\\/>TetraSOD\\u00ae induces the cells endogenous production of SOD, CAT and GPX.<br \\\/>TetraSOD\\u00ae activates the internal antioxidant system of the organism (indirect antioxidant) in contrast to other antioxidants that exert its antioxidant activity by directly scavenging free radicals (that is, there has been only demonstrated that they have antioxidant capacity in an in vitro test like DPPH or ORAC protocols).<\\\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Link\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/academicjournals.org\\\/journal\\\/AJB\\\/article-full-text-pdf\\\/68ACCC163957\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\" style=\\\"color:#FFFFFF\\\">PDF<\\\/a>\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6380e08 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6380e08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abd56c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"abd56c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Effects of Tetraselmis chuii Microalgae Supplementation on\nAnthropometric, Hormonal and Hematological Parameters in\nHealthy Young Men: A Double-Blind Study<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5e296d elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"a5e296d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Authors<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\"><p>\u00c1ngel Garc\u00eda, V\u00edctor Toro-Rom\u00e1n, Jes\u00fas Siquier-Coll, Ignacio Bartolom\u00e9 , Diego Mu\u00f1oz <br \/>and Marcos Maynar-Mari\u00f1o<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">About<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\"><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Tetraselmis chuii (TC) microalgae<br \/>supplementation for sixty days on hematological, anthropometric and hormonal parameters in<br \/>healthy young men. Forty-six men divided into a placebo group, a group supplemented with 25 mg\/day of TC and another group supplemented with 200 mg\/day of TC participated in this doubleblind study. PG ingested 200 mg\/day of lactose powder.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Results<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\"><p>It has been verified that the walls of the genus Tetraselmis sp. contain acidic and sulfated polysaccharides. Several studies have shown that sulfation of the polysaccharides can enhance detection by TLR4 receptors of macrophages. Upon recognition of the polysaccharides, TLR4 would increase the production of bone marrow-stimulating cytokines and chemokines. This would increase the proliferation of the various immune cells, as well as their extravasation into the bloodstream.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Conclusions<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\"><p>The results obtained in the present work indicate that daily supplementation with 25 mg of TC (TetraSOD\u00ae) for sixty days could optimize hematological, hormonal, biochemical and anthropometric parameters in healthy male students.\u00a0<\/p><p>No additional improvements were observed with the intake of 200 mg of TC. The data obtained provide a physiological approach that could determine the potential use of this microalgae in both the sports and health fields although most of the endocrine-metabolic mechanisms underlying the effects of TC remain unknown at present. Future research is needed to clarify the pathways of action of TC in the human body.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Link<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35627597\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Article<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a056515 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a056515\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6019c0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6019c0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Clinical trial: Effects of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> as food supplement in athletes<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a56a8ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"a56a8ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Authors<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\"><p>Rodrigo Bellido, F.J.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">About<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\"><p>Effects of Tetraselmis chuii intake on oxidative stress in athletes. Extremadura University, Thesis, 2017.<br \/>Effects of TetraSOD\u00ae consumption in a total of 32 male football players with a minimum of 4-year previous experience in football training and subjected to regular training and competition during the span of the study<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Results<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\"><p>Supplementation with TetraSOD\u00ae provoked the main following effects (Rodrigo Bellido, 2017):<\/p><p>&#8211; Decrease in fat body mass (-8,8%)<\/p><p>&#8211; Improvement in performance during the effort stress test<br \/>HEART RATE ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD: Significant decrease in heart rate during activity (-3,6%)<br \/>HEART RATERECOVERY PHASE: Significant decrease in heart rate 3-minutes post activity (-4,2%)<br \/>HAEMOGLOBIN O2 CARRYING CAPACITY: Significant increase in haemoglobin levels (+4,9)<\/p><p>&#8211; Effect against oxidative stress<br \/>VITAMIN E LEVELS OXIDATIVE STRESS: Significant increase in vitamin E levels (+13,4%)<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Conclusions<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\"><p>The consumption of TetraSOD\u00ae for 1 month obtained similar or higher results in Haemoglobin without and O2 consumption when compared to a high-altitude or high intensity training for at least three months.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Link<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blugenics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/TetraSOD-Clinical-Trial-Presentation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">PDF<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74aca36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"74aca36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>, a Unique Marine Microalgae Ingredient, Promotes\nan Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status in a Metabolic\nSyndrome-Induced Model in Rats<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbe8f05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"fbe8f05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2641\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Authors<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2641\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2641\"><p>Katherine Gil-Cardoso, Josep M. Del Bas, Antoni Caimari, Carmen Lama, Sonia Torres, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n and Carlos Infante<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2642\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">About<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2642\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2642\"><p>In the present study, the potential bioactive effects of three dietary dosages of TetraSOD\u00ae in enhancing antioxidant and antiinflammatory mechanisms to combat the metabolic disturbances that compose MetS were assessed in rats given a cafeteria (CAF) diet.\u00a0<\/p><p>Chronic supplementation with 0.17, 1.7, and 17 mg kg\udbc0\udc001 day\udbc0\udc001 of TetraSOD\u00ae for 8 weeks ameliorated the abnormalities associated with MetS, including oxidative stress and inflammation, promoting endogenous antioxidant defence mechanisms in the liver (GPx and GSH), modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in plasma (NOx, oxLDL and IL-10), and regulating genes involved in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory pathways in the liver, mesenteric white adipose tissue (MWAT), thymus, and spleen. Overall, TetraSOD\u00ae appears to be a potential therapeutic option for the management of MetS.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2643\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Results<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2643\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2643\"><p>In the present study, our findings show subtle effects of TetraSOD\u00ae in metabolic parameters, tending to decrease plasma glucose after 17 mg kg\udbc0\udc001 bw of TetraSOD\u00ae administration and circulating levels of LDL\/VLDL-C in the CAF + 0.17 group, compared to the group that received CAF diet and the vehicle. After 8 weeks of nutritional intervention with the CAF diet, clear metabolic alterations that characterize MetS were observed in our rats, including increased body weight and fat mass, hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and chronic low-grade systemic inflammation.<\/p><p>Following a corrective therapeutic strategy with these doses of TetraSOD\u00ae would not be enough to improve advanced obesity and the metabolic alterations associated with MetS that was achieved after 8 weeks of CAF diet. However, testing these doses in early stages of obesity or following preventive strategies could be considered for future studies.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2644\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Conclusions<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2644\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2644\"><p>In summary, chronic supplementation with TetraSOD\u00ae ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation disturbances associated with MetS. Its beneficial effects against this metabolic disorder include (i) the promotion of endogenous antioxidant defence mechanisms in the liver, (ii) the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in plasma, and (iii) the positive modulation of genes involved in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune pathways in the liver, MWAT, thymus and spleen. Altogether, TetraSOD\u00ae is postulated to be a promising therapeutic strategy for MetS management.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2645\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Link<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2645\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2645\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36235679\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF\">Article<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c52a5a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c52a5a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Phytoplankton Supplementation Lowers Muscle\nDamage and Sustains Performance across Repeated\nExercise Bouts in Humans and Improves Antioxidant\nCapacity in a Mechanistic Animal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3c565d elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"d3c565d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2221\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2221\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Authors<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2221\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2221\"><p>Matthew Sharp, Kazim Sahin, Matthew Stefan, Cemal Orhan, Raad Gheith,<br \/>Dallen Reber, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Tuzcu, Ryan Lowery, Shane Durkee\u00a0<br \/>and Jacob Wilson<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2222\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2222\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">About<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2222\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2222\"><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of antioxidant-rich marine phytoplankton supplementation (Oceanix, OCX) on performance and muscle damage following a cross-training event in endurance-trained subjects. Additionally, an animal model was carried out to assess the effects of varying dosages of OCX, with exercise, on intramuscular antioxidant capacity. Methods: In the human trial, endurance-trained subjects were randomly divided into placebo (PLA) and OCX (25 mg) conditions for 14 days. The subjects were pre-tested on a one-mile uphill run, maximal isometric strength, countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) power, and for muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK)).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2223\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2223\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Results<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2223\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2223\"><p>When observing CMJ power, it was found that performance dropped equally in both groups. Intriguingly, however, SJ power declined more in the PLA compared to the OCX group (15% at 24 h Post). These differences were paralleled by greater increases in muscle damage in the PLA (+14% at 24 h Post) compared to the OCX. The ability of OCX to improve power in the SJ but not the CMJ may be due to the differences in mechanics between the two exercises. Specifically, athletes may be able to better use passive elastic components of connective tissue and tendons to overcome muscle damage in a CMJ relative to a SJ, which removes much of the ability to store and release elastic energy.<\/p><p>Intriguingly, the ability to use elastic energy increases as the stretch-shorten cycle time decreases. Correspondingly, the high intensity run in our study would demonstrate the shortest stretch shortening cycle in all the measures examined. Thus, the lack of differences in endurance between conditions despite greater muscle damage in the PLA may be explained by similar reasons to the CMJ. In support, we found that decrements in our isometric measure of strength from Pre to 48 h Post were greater in the PLA group (12%) than OCX.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2224\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2224\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Conclusions<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2224\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2224\"><p>We can conclude that the training program was e\u000bective at inducing high levels of neuromuscular fatigue. However, marine phytoplankton supplementation (Oceanix, OCX) was able to improve recovery, sustain power, and prevent declines in strength across repeated endurance and cross-training bouts. Since recovery can be defined as, \u201creturning what was lost due to exercise\u201d, we demonstrated that OCX supplementation can improve recovery from intense competitions. Moreover, we present for the first time mechanistic data, which support the OCX role in improving intramuscular antioxidant capacity when combined with exercise.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2225\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2225\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Link<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2225\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2225\"><p><a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32635494\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Article<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c037c5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c037c5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"scientific_research_about_tetrasod\" class=\"subtitle\"><span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 29px; font-style: inherit; background-color: var(--base-3);\">TetraSOD<\/span><sup style=\"font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; background-color: var(--base-3);\">\u00ae<\/sup><span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 29px; font-style: inherit; background-color: var(--base-3);\"> activates the antioxidant response pathway in human cells: An in vitro approach<\/span><\/h2><p>In this scientific Research, we <strong>examined the antioxidant bioactivity of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> in muscle cells<\/strong> (Normal Human Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts, HSMMs) using an in vitro approach. We detected an induction of primary antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPx, and CAT) which was further related to gene expression up-regulation of a selected set of genes involved in response against <a href=\"http:\/\/tetrasod.com\/oxidative-stress\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oxidative stress<\/a>, including NRF2 and HMOX1.<\/p><h4>Conclusions:<\/h4><p>It has been <strong>demonstrated that TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> exerts its antioxidant capacity via the master antioxidant switch NRF2\/HMOX-1 pathway<\/strong>, selected genes being additionally regulated at transcriptional level.<\/p><p><strong>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> induces the cellular endogenous production of SOD, CAT and GPx<\/strong>. TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> activates the internal antioxidant system of the organism (indirect antioxidant) <strong>in contrast to other antioxidants<\/strong> that exert its antioxidant activity by directly scavenging free radicals (that is, there has been only demonstrated that they have antioxidant capacity in an in vitro test like DPPH or ORAC).<\/p><p><strong>Authors<\/strong>: Pilar Ram\u00edrez, Sonia Torres, Carmen Lama, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n, Carlos Unamunzaga and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/carlos-infante-toscano-45759656\/?originalSubdomain=es\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carlos Infante<\/a>*<\/p><p><strong>Scientific Publication<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/academicjournals.org\/journal\/AJB\/article-full-text-pdf\/68ACCC163957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pdf<\/a><\/p><h3 class=\"subtitle\">Clinical trial: Effects of TetraSOD\u00ae as food supplement in athletes<\/h3><p>This scientific study on TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> is framed within the <strong>doctoral thesis of Rodrigo Bellido F. J., current professor at the University of Extremadura<\/strong> (department: medical-surgical therapeutics).<\/p><p>In that thesis, <em>Effects of Tetraselmis chuii intake on oxidative stress in athletes<\/em>, <strong>the effects of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> consumption were studied in a total of 32 male football players with a minimum of 4-year<\/strong> previous experience in football training and subjected to regular training and competition during the span of the study<\/p><h4>Results and conclusions:<\/h4><p>The consumption of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> for 1 month obtained similar or higher results in Haemoglobin content and O<sub>2<\/sub> consumption when compared to a high-altitude or high intensity training for at least three months.<\/p><p>Supplementation with TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> provoked the main following effects:<\/p><ul><li>Decrease in fat body mass (-8,8%)<\/li><li>Improvement in performance during the effort stress test<ul><li>HEART RATE ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD: Significant decrease in heart rate during activity (-3,6%)<\/li><li>HEART RATE RECOVERY PHASE: Significant decrease in heart rate 3-min post activity (-4,2%)<\/li><li>HAEMOGLOBIN O2 CARRYING CAPACITY: Significant increase in haemoglobin levels (+4,9)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Effect against oxidative stress<ul><li>VITAMIN E LEVELS: Significant increase in vitamin E levels (+13,4%)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Author<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unex.es\/conoce-la-uex\/centros\/medicina\/centro\/profesores\/info\/profesor?id_pro=fjrodbelly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rodrigo Bellido, Francisco Javier<\/a><\/p><p><strong>Thesis directors<\/strong>: Maynar Mari\u00f1o, Marcos Antonio<\/p><p><strong>Scientific Publication<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/blugenics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/TetraSOD-Clinical-Trial-Presentation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pdf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23dc0a1 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23dc0a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18394d7\" data-id=\"18394d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb9aa30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb9aa30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"scientific_articles_of_interest_about_sod\" class=\"subtitle\">Scientific articles of interest about SOD<\/h2><p>In the bibliography you can find additional information about other <strong>scientific studies on the health benefits of SOD and diets rich in SOD<\/strong>, as well as their <strong>applications to mitigate the effects of many health challenges<\/strong>:<\/p><ol><li>Superoxide dismutase, an updated review on its health benefits and industrial applications: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2021.1913400\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2021.1913400<\/a><\/li><li>Antioxidant Foods and Cardiometabolic Health: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11040746\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11040746<\/a><\/li><li>Effects of SOD Supplementation on Ergospirometric, Haematological and Biochemical Parameters: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17186885\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17186885<\/a><\/li><li>Antioxidant-Rich (SOD) Marine Phytoplankton Supplementation Lowers Muscle Damage: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12071990\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12071990<\/a><\/li><li>Therapeutic Treatment of Superoxide Dismutase Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Model Mice: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23063403\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23063403<\/a><\/li><li>Effect of Physical Exercise Under Different Intensity and Antioxidative Supplementation for Superoxide Dismutase: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.707176\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.707176<\/a><\/li><li>Health benefits of microalgae and their microbiomes: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1751-7915.14082\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1751-7915.14082 <\/a><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cacdb5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cacdb5e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9268893\" data-id=\"9268893\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7f230e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7f230e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n  <meta charset=\"UTF-8\" \/>\n  <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\" \/>\n  <title>TetraSOD\u00ae Scientific Evidence Summary<\/title>\n  <style>\n    :root {\n      --tetra-green: #35a936;\n      --tetra-green-dark: #1f7f2d;\n      --ink: #172017;\n      --muted: #5b665c;\n      --line: #dfe7df;\n      --white: #ffffff;\n      --radius: 18px;\n      --shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(23, 32, 23, 0.08);\n    }\n\n    * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n    body {\n      margin: 0;\n      font-family: Inter, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Segoe UI\", 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class=\"metrics\" aria-label=\"Evidence overview metrics\">\n        <div class=\"metric\"><strong>14<\/strong><span>Evidence items<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"metric\"><strong>8<\/strong><span>Human-study components<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"metric\"><strong>4<\/strong><span>Animal-model components<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"metric\"><strong>4<\/strong><span>In vitro \/ mechanistic items<\/span><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <aside class=\"notice\">\n      <span class=\"bar\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n      <div><b>Scientific and regulatory note:<\/b> this material summarizes published research on the ingredient only. It is intended for technical and scientific communication and should not be interpreted as consumer advertising, medical advice, clinical efficacy evidence for a finished product, or an authorized health claim under Regulation (EC) No. 1924\/2006.<\/div>\n    <\/aside>\n\n    <div class=\"section-head\">\n      <h2>Evidence matrix<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"section-note\">Detailed breakdown provided below.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <section class=\"table-card\" aria-label=\"TetraSOD scientific evidence matrix\">\n      <table>\n        <thead>\n          <tr>\n            <th>Research area<\/th>\n            <th>Authors<\/th>\n            <th>Model<\/th>\n            <th>Dosage \/ context<\/th>\n            <th>Abstract<\/th>\n          <\/tr>\n        <\/thead>\n        <tbody>\n          <tr>\n            <td><b>Antioxidant response pathway<\/b><\/td>\n            <td class=\"authors\">Pilar Ram\u00edrez, Sonia Torres, Carmen Lama, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n, Carlos Unamunzaga and Carlos Infante<\/td>\n            <td><span class=\"tag\">In vitro<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>30, 150 and 1500 U\/ml \u00b7 24 h<\/td>\n            <td>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> increased the activity of SOD, GPx and CAT in human skeletal muscle myoblasts and positively regulated genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, including SOD1, SOD2, GPx1 and CAT.<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><b>Metabolic syndrome model<\/b><\/td>\n            <td class=\"authors\">Katherine Gil-Cardoso, Josep M. Del Bas, Antoni Caimari, Carmen Lama, Sonia Torres, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n and Carlos Infante<\/td>\n            <td><span class=\"tag\">Rats<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>0.17, 1.7 and 17 mg\/kg\/day \u00b7 8 weeks<\/td>\n            <td>In a rat model of metabolic syndrome, TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> modulated oxidative-stress and inflammatory markers in serum, liver, adipose tissue and immune tissues.<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><b>Exercise performance and muscle damage<\/b><\/td>\n            <td class=\"authors\">Matthew Sharp, Kazim Sahin, Matthew Stefan, Cemal Orhan, Raad Gheith, Dallen Reber, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Tuzcu, Ryan Lowery, Shane Durkee and Jacob Wilson<\/td>\n            <td><span class=\"tag fill\">Human + rats<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>Human: 25 mg\/day \u00b7 14 days<\/td>\n            <td>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supported recovery, sustained power and reduced strength decrements across repeated endurance and cross-training bouts.<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><b>Exercise recovery and repair mechanisms<\/b><\/td>\n            <td class=\"authors\">Matthew H. Sharp, Kazim Sahin, Matt W. Stefan, Raad H. Gheith, Dallen D. Reber, Charlie R. Ottinger, Cemal Orhan, Mehmet Tuzcu, Nurhan Sahin, Ryan P. Lowery, Shane Durkee and Jacob M. Wilson<\/td>\n            <td><span class=\"tag fill\">Human + rats<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>Human: 25 mg\/day \u00b7 5-week training programme<\/td>\n            <td>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> improved long-term recovery, both perceptually and functionally, following a training programme designed to induce neuromuscular fatigue.<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><b>Exercise recovery and immune function<\/b><\/td>\n            <td class=\"authors\">Matthew Sharp, Jacob Wilson, Matthew Stefan, Raad Gheith, Ryan Lowery, Charlie Ottinger, Dallen Reber, Cemal Orhan, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Tuzcu, Shane Durkee, Zainulabedin Saiyed and Kazim Sahin<\/td>\n            <td><span class=\"tag fill\">Human + rats<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>Human: 25 mg\/day \u00b7 14 days<\/td>\n            <td>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> accelerated exercise recovery, supported strength outcomes and helped preserve salivary IgA during and after intensive training.<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><b>Aerobic performance in soccer players<\/b><\/td>\n            <td class=\"authors\">V\u00edctor Toro, Jes\u00fas Siquier-Coll, Ignacio Bartolom\u00e9, Mar\u00eda C. Robles-Gil, Javier Rodrigo and Marcos Maynar-Mari\u00f1o<\/td>\n            <td><span class=\"tag fill\">Human<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>25 mg\/day \u00b7 30 days<\/td>\n            <td>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> showed ergogenic effects in amateur soccer players, including improvements in aerobic-power indicators and selected hematological variables.<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><b>Body composition and blood markers<\/b><\/td>\n            <td class=\"authors\">\u00c1ngel Garc\u00eda, V\u00edctor Toro-Rom\u00e1n, Jes\u00fas Siquier-Coll, Ignacio Bartolom\u00e9, Diego Mu\u00f1oz and Marcos Maynar-Mari\u00f1o<\/td>\n            <td><span class=\"tag fill\">Human<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>25 or 200 mg\/day \u00b7 60 days<\/td>\n            <td>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> induced changes in anthropometric and hematological parameters, including increased muscle percentage and reduced fat percentage.<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><b>NRF2 signalling and VO\u2082peak<\/b><\/td>\n            <td class=\"authors\">Stuart P. Cocksedge, Carlos Infante, Sonia Torres, Carmen Lama, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n, Manuel Manchado, Jarred P. Acton, Nehal S. Alsharif, Tom Clifford, Alex J. Wadley, Richard A. Ferguson, Nicolette C. Bishop, Neil R. W. Martin and Stephen J. Bailey<\/td>\n            <td><span class=\"tag fill\">Human<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>25 mg\/day \u00b7 14 days<\/td>\n            <td>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> improved aerobic capacity, increasing peak oxygen uptake, and activated skeletal-muscle genes involved in antioxidant response.<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><b>Semen quality pilot study<\/b><\/td>\n            <td class=\"authors\">Juan Manuel Corral, Meritxell Jodar, Roger Matheu, Eva Gonz\u00e1lez, Enrique Casta\u00f1o, Carlos Unamunzaga, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n and Carlos Infante<\/td>\n            <td><span class=\"tag fill\">Human<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>25 or 250 mg\/day \u00b7 3 months<\/td>\n            <td>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> improved semen-quality indicators after three months of supplementation in idiopathic infertile men.<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><b>Neuroprotection and barrier permeability<\/b><\/td>\n            <td class=\"authors\">Melis Cokdinleyen, Alberto Vald\u00e9s, Huseyin Kara, Elena Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez and Alejandro Cifuentes<\/td>\n            <td><span class=\"tag\">In vitro<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>T. chuii extracts and carotenoid transport assays<\/td>\n            <td>T. chuii compounds protected neuronal cells from neurotoxic damage and selected carotenoids showed capacity to cross barrier models relevant to intestinal transport and blood\u2013brain barrier permeability.<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><b>Gut microbiota and prebiotic function<\/b><\/td>\n            <td class=\"authors\">Magdalena Majchrzak, Stacey Paterson, Jaime Guti\u00e9rrez-Corral, Diego G\u00f3mez-Garre, Alberto Ortega-Hern\u00e1ndez, Miguel \u00c1ngel de la Fuente, Blanca Hern\u00e1ndez-Ledesma and Pilar G\u00f3mez-Cort\u00e9s<\/td>\n            <td><span class=\"tag\">In vitro microbiota model<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>Gastrointestinal digests \u00b7 fermentation model<\/td>\n            <td>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> behaved as a prebiotically functional ingredient, modulating microbial growth patterns and supporting short-chain fatty-acid production.<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><b>Telomere protection and cellular ageing<\/b><\/td>\n            <td class=\"authors\">Alfonso Bl\u00e1zquez-Moreno, Lorena Orgaz, Estefan\u00eda Rodr\u00edguez-Moreno, Adri\u00e1n Asensio, Marta Marsal, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n, Carlos Infante, Enrique Samper and Emmanouil Flemetakis<\/td>\n            <td><span class=\"tag\">In vitro<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>Human neonatal fibroblasts \u00b7 standard and oxidative-stress conditions<\/td>\n            <td>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> showed telomere-protective effects in human neonatal fibroblasts, particularly under oxidative-stress conditions.<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><b>Male fertility and reproductive outcomes<\/b><\/td>\n            <td class=\"authors\">Marina Leiva, Judit Castillo, Di Wang, Marta Guimer\u00e0, Raquel Ferreti, Alicia Diez, Laura Noguera, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n, Dolors Manau, Rafael Oliva, Carlos Infante, Carlos Unamunzaga, Eva Gonz\u00e1lez, Juan Manuel Corral and Meritxell Jodar<\/td>\n            <td><span class=\"tag fill\">Human<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>250 mg\/day \u00b7 3 months<\/td>\n            <td>In men with oxidative stress-related idiopathic infertility, TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation improved sperm-quality parameters, hormonal markers, sperm DNA integrity and reproductive outcomes.<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><b>Cellular health review<\/b><\/td>\n            <td class=\"authors\">Stuart P. Cocksedge, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n, Enrique Casta\u00f1o, Carlos Infante and Stephen J. Bailey<\/td>\n            <td><span class=\"tag review\">Review<\/span><\/td>\n            <td>Integrated evidence review<\/td>\n            <td>This review positions SOD-rich T. chuii as a cellular-health promoter through antioxidant-system activation, anti-inflammatory modulation, DNA-damage protection, immune-function support and cellular-signalling regulation.<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n        <\/tbody>\n      <\/table>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <div class=\"section-head\">\n      <h2>Detailed evidence cards<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"section-note\">Compact technical cards with authorship, publication data and interpretation.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <section class=\"evidence-list\">\n\n      <details open>\n        <summary><span class=\"num\">1<\/span><span>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Activates the Antioxidant Response Pathway in Human Cells: An In Vitro Approach<\/span><span class=\"arrow\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"content\">\n          <div class=\"study-meta\">\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Authors<\/span><p>Pilar Ram\u00edrez, Sonia Torres, Carmen Lama, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n, Carlos Unamunzaga and Carlos Infante.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Publication<\/span><p>African Journal of Biotechnology, 2020; 19(6):367\u2013373. DOI: 10.5897\/AJB2020.17163.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"insights\">\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Study model<\/span><p>In vitro<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Intervention \/ context<\/span><p>30, 150 and 1500 U\/ml \u00b7 24 h<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Key findings<\/span><p>NRF2 and HMOX-1 gene expression were upregulated, supporting the involvement of the NRF2 antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathway.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Professional interpretation<\/span><p>Mechanistic cellular evidence for direct and indirect antioxidant activity at the ingredient level.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details>\n        <summary><span class=\"num\">2<\/span><span>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>, a Unique Marine Microalgae Ingredient, Promotes an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status in a Metabolic Syndrome-Induced Model in Rats<\/span><span class=\"arrow\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"content\">\n          <div class=\"study-meta\">\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Authors<\/span><p>Katherine Gil-Cardoso, Josep M. Del Bas, Antoni Caimari, Carmen Lama, Sonia Torres, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n and Carlos Infante.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Publication<\/span><p>Nutrients, 2022; 14:4028. DOI: 10.3390\/nu14194028.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"insights\">\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Study model<\/span><p>Rats<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Intervention \/ context<\/span><p>0.17, 1.7 and 17 mg\/kg\/day \u00b7 8 weeks<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Key findings<\/span><p>Reported effects included lower oxLDL, higher IL-10, increased hepatic glutathione, activation of GPx activity and regulation of antioxidant and inflammatory genes.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Professional interpretation<\/span><p>Preclinical data indicating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory modulation; not direct human clinical efficacy evidence.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details>\n        <summary><span class=\"num\">3<\/span><span>Phytoplankton Supplementation Lowers Muscle Damage and Sustains Performance across Repeated Exercise Bouts in Humans and Improves Antioxidant Capacity in a Mechanistic Animal<\/span><span class=\"arrow\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"content\">\n          <div class=\"study-meta\">\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Authors<\/span><p>Matthew Sharp, Kazim Sahin, Matthew Stefan, Cemal Orhan, Raad Gheith, Dallen Reber, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Tuzcu, Ryan Lowery, Shane Durkee and Jacob Wilson.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Publication<\/span><p>Nutrients, 2020; 12:1990. DOI: 10.3390\/nu12071990.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"insights\">\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Study model<\/span><p>Human + rats<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Intervention \/ context<\/span><p>Human: 25 mg\/day \u00b7 14 days<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Key findings<\/span><p>Mechanistic data showed increased intramuscular SOD, CAT and GPx activity, reduced serum MDA, and lower markers of muscle damage such as myoglobin and creatine kinase.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Professional interpretation<\/span><p>Evidence suggests a role in exercise recovery through antioxidant-capacity support and reduced muscle-damage markers.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details>\n        <summary><span class=\"num\">4<\/span><span>Marine Phytoplankton Improves Exercise Recovery in Humans and Activates Repair Mechanisms in Rats<\/span><span class=\"arrow\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"content\">\n          <div class=\"study-meta\">\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Authors<\/span><p>Matthew H. Sharp, Kazim Sahin, Matt W. Stefan, Raad H. Gheith, Dallen D. Reber, Charlie R. Ottinger, Cemal Orhan, Mehmet Tuzcu, Nurhan Sahin, Ryan P. Lowery, Shane Durkee and Jacob M. Wilson.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Publication<\/span><p>International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2021; 42:1070\u20131082. DOI: 10.1055\/a-1320-1061.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"insights\">\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Study model<\/span><p>Human + rats<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Intervention \/ context<\/span><p>Human: 25 mg\/day \u00b7 5-week training programme<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Key findings<\/span><p>Reported mechanisms included increased positive myogenic factors such as NCAM and MyoD, lower myostatin, and reduced MuRF-1 and MAFbx expression.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Professional interpretation<\/span><p>Data point to recovery support through satellite-cell progression and protein-turnover modulation.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details>\n        <summary><span class=\"num\">5<\/span><span>Marine Phytoplankton Improves Recovery and Sustains Immune Function in Humans and Lowers Proinflammatory Immunoregulatory Cytokines in a Rat Model<\/span><span class=\"arrow\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"content\">\n          <div class=\"study-meta\">\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Authors<\/span><p>Matthew Sharp, Jacob Wilson, Matthew Stefan, Raad Gheith, Ryan Lowery, Charlie Ottinger, Dallen Reber, Cemal Orhan, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Tuzcu, Shane Durkee, Zainulabedin Saiyed and Kazim Sahin.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Publication<\/span><p>Physical Activity and Nutrition, 2021; 25(1):042\u2013055. DOI: 10.20463\/pan.2021.0007.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"insights\">\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Study model<\/span><p>Human + rats<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Intervention \/ context<\/span><p>Human: 25 mg\/day \u00b7 14 days<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Key findings<\/span><p>Mechanistic outcomes were associated with lower intramuscular and serum TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2, plus reduced intramuscular MDA.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Professional interpretation<\/span><p>Findings connect functional recovery with modulation of oxidative-stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details>\n        <summary><span class=\"num\">6<\/span><span>Effects of Tetraselmis chuii Microalgae Supplementation on Ergospirometric, Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in Amateur Soccer Players<\/span><span class=\"arrow\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"content\">\n          <div class=\"study-meta\">\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Authors<\/span><p>V\u00edctor Toro, Jes\u00fas Siquier-Coll, Ignacio Bartolom\u00e9, Mar\u00eda C. Robles-Gil, Javier Rodrigo and Marcos Maynar-Mari\u00f1o.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Publication<\/span><p>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020; 17:6885. DOI: 10.3390\/ijerph17186885.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"insights\">\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Study model<\/span><p>Human<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Intervention \/ context<\/span><p>25 mg\/day \u00b7 30 days<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Key findings<\/span><p>Reported changes included improvements in heart-rate variables, absolute and relative VO\u2082max, oxygen pulse, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Professional interpretation<\/span><p>Results are consistent with improved aerobic-efficiency indicators under the study conditions.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details>\n        <summary><span class=\"num\">7<\/span><span>Effects of Tetraselmis chuii Microalgae Supplementation on Anthropometric, Hormonal and Hematological Parameters in Healthy Young Men<\/span><span class=\"arrow\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"content\">\n          <div class=\"study-meta\">\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Authors<\/span><p>\u00c1ngel Garc\u00eda, V\u00edctor Toro-Rom\u00e1n, Jes\u00fas Siquier-Coll, Ignacio Bartolom\u00e9, Diego Mu\u00f1oz and Marcos Maynar-Mari\u00f1o.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Publication<\/span><p>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022; 19:6060. DOI: 10.3390\/ijerph19106060.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"insights\">\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Study model<\/span><p>Human<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Intervention \/ context<\/span><p>25 or 200 mg\/day \u00b7 60 days<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Key findings<\/span><p>The presentation highlights increases in immune-cell counts, including basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, alongside changes in hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Professional interpretation<\/span><p>The data suggest systemic marker modulation in healthy young men, with dose-specific interpretation requiring context from the full article.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details>\n        <summary><span class=\"num\">8<\/span><span>Tetraselmis chuii Supplementation Increases Skeletal Muscle NRF2 and Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression, and Peak Oxygen Uptake in Healthy Adults<\/span><span class=\"arrow\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"content\">\n          <div class=\"study-meta\">\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Authors<\/span><p>Stuart P. Cocksedge, Carlos Infante, Sonia Torres, Carmen Lama, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n, Manuel Manchado, Jarred P. Acton, Nehal S. Alsharif, Tom Clifford, Alex J. Wadley, Richard A. Ferguson, Nicolette C. Bishop, Neil R. W. Martin and Stephen J. Bailey.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Publication<\/span><p>Antioxidants, 2025; 14:435. DOI: 10.3390\/antiox14040435.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"insights\">\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Study model<\/span><p>Human<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Intervention \/ context<\/span><p>25 mg\/day \u00b7 14 days<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Key findings<\/span><p>Key genes highlighted include NRF2, SIRT1, GPX7, SOD2, CAT, GSR, PRDX3, PRDX6 and GSTM3, alongside genes linked to host defense, mitochondrial function, differentiation and cellular signalling.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Professional interpretation<\/span><p>This study links human skeletal-muscle gene expression with a functional oxygen-uptake outcome.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details>\n        <summary><span class=\"num\">9<\/span><span>Improvement of Semen Quality in Idiopathic Infertile Men by Dietary Supplementation with TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>: A Pilot Clinical Trial<\/span><span class=\"arrow\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"content\">\n          <div class=\"study-meta\">\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Authors<\/span><p>Juan Manuel Corral, Meritxell Jodar, Roger Matheu, Eva Gonz\u00e1lez, Enrique Casta\u00f1o, Carlos Unamunzaga, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n and Carlos Infante.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Publication<\/span><p>Biomedical Journal of Scientific &#038; Technical Research, 2023; 50(4):41971\u201341975. DOI: 10.26717\/BJSTR.2023.50.007999.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"insights\">\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Study model<\/span><p>Human<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Intervention \/ context<\/span><p>25 or 250 mg\/day \u00b7 3 months<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Key findings<\/span><p>The study reported significant increases in semen volume, total sperm number, sperm concentration and progressive motile spermatozoa in ejaculate.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Professional interpretation<\/span><p>Pilot-level clinical evidence; study design limitations should be clearly acknowledged in external communication.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details>\n        <summary><span class=\"num\">10<\/span><span>Neuroprotective Potential of Tetraselmis chuii Compounds: Insights into Blood\u2013Brain Barrier Permeability and Intestinal Transport<\/span><span class=\"arrow\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"content\">\n          <div class=\"study-meta\">\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Authors<\/span><p>Melis Cokdinleyen, Alberto Vald\u00e9s, Huseyin Kara, Elena Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez and Alejandro Cifuentes.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Publication<\/span><p>Pharmaceuticals, 2025; 18:629. DOI: 10.3390\/ph18050629.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"insights\">\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Study model<\/span><p>In vitro<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Intervention \/ context<\/span><p>T. chuii extracts and carotenoid transport assays<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Key findings<\/span><p>Protection was reported against L-glutamate- and hydrogen peroxide-induced damage; several carotenoids showed measurable barrier permeability.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Professional interpretation<\/span><p>Mechanistic evidence for neuroprotective potential of T. chuii-derived compounds, not direct clinical evidence.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details>\n        <summary><span class=\"num\">11<\/span><span>Modulatory Effects of Tetraselmis chuii Gastrointestinal Digests on Human Colonic Microbiota<\/span><span class=\"arrow\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"content\">\n          <div class=\"study-meta\">\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Authors<\/span><p>Magdalena Majchrzak, Stacey Paterson, Jaime Guti\u00e9rrez-Corral, Diego G\u00f3mez-Garre, Alberto Ortega-Hern\u00e1ndez, Miguel \u00c1ngel de la Fuente, Blanca Hern\u00e1ndez-Ledesma and Pilar G\u00f3mez-Cort\u00e9s.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Publication<\/span><p>Foods, 2025; 14:2106. DOI: 10.3390\/foods14122106.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"insights\">\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Study model<\/span><p>In vitro microbiota model<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Intervention \/ context<\/span><p>Gastrointestinal digests \u00b7 fermentation model<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Key findings<\/span><p>The presentation highlights lower growth of bacterial pathogens, higher growth of Akkermansia and Butyricimonas, increased butyrate and improved microbial diversity and resilience.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Professional interpretation<\/span><p>Evidence supports a microbiota-modulating profile under experimental model conditions.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details>\n        <summary><span class=\"num\">12<\/span><span>An Antiageing Telomere-Protective Effect of Superoxide Dismutase-Rich Tetraselmis chui in Human Cells<\/span><span class=\"arrow\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"content\">\n          <div class=\"study-meta\">\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Authors<\/span><p>Alfonso Bl\u00e1zquez-Moreno, Lorena Orgaz, Estefan\u00eda Rodr\u00edguez-Moreno, Adri\u00e1n Asensio, Marta Marsal, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n, Carlos Infante, Enrique Samper and Emmanouil Flemetakis.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Publication<\/span><p>Nutrition and Health, 2026. DOI: 10.1177\/02601060261431078.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"insights\">\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Study model<\/span><p>In vitro<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Intervention \/ context<\/span><p>Human neonatal fibroblasts \u00b7 standard and oxidative-stress conditions<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Key findings<\/span><p>Reported outcomes included increased 20th-percentile telomere length, increased median telomere length under oxidative stress, fewer critically short telomeres and a reduced telomere-shortening rate.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Professional interpretation<\/span><p>Cellular ageing-related evidence; should be framed as in vitro data rather than consumer-level anti-ageing claims.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details>\n        <summary><span class=\"num\">13<\/span><span>Superoxide Dismutase-Rich Tetraselmis chuii Supplementation Improves Semen Quality in Idiopathic Infertile Males: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial<\/span><span class=\"arrow\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"content\">\n          <div class=\"study-meta\">\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Authors<\/span><p>Marina Leiva, Judit Castillo, Di Wang, Marta Guimer\u00e0, Raquel Ferreti, Alicia Diez, Laura Noguera, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n, Dolors Manau, Rafael Oliva, Carlos Infante, Carlos Unamunzaga, Eva Gonz\u00e1lez, Juan Manuel Corral and Meritxell Jodar.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Publication<\/span><p>The World Journal of Men\u2019s Health, 2026; 44:e31. DOI: 10.5534\/wjmh.250385.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"insights\">\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Study model<\/span><p>Human<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Intervention \/ context<\/span><p>250 mg\/day \u00b7 3 months<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Key findings<\/span><p>The presentation highlights normalization of LH and FSH, doubled sperm concentration, higher progressive motility, reduced double-strand sperm DNA breaks, increased live birth rates and a higher rate of spontaneous pregnancies.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Professional interpretation<\/span><p>The strongest fertility-related study in the set, but claims should still remain within the limits of the study population and design.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/details>\n      <details>\n        <summary><span class=\"num\">14<\/span><span>The Potential of Superoxide Dismutase-Rich Tetraselmis chuii as a Promoter of Cellular Health<\/span><span class=\"arrow\">\u203a<\/span><\/summary>\n        <div class=\"content\">\n          <div class=\"study-meta\">\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Authors<\/span><p>Stuart P. Cocksedge, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n, Enrique Casta\u00f1o, Carlos Infante and Stephen J. Bailey.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"meta-box\"><span class=\"label\">Publication<\/span><p>International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2025; 26:1693. DOI: 10.3390\/ijms26041693.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"insights\">\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Study model<\/span><p>Review<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Intervention \/ context<\/span><p>Integrated evidence review<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Key findings<\/span><p>NRF2 and SIRT1 are presented as central factors that may mediate cellular homeostasis-related effects.<\/p><\/div>\n            <div class=\"insight-box\"><span class=\"label\">Professional interpretation<\/span><p>Useful as a synthesis layer, but it should be separated from primary intervention studies in scientific communication.<\/p><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/details>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <div class=\"footer-note\">\n      <b>Editorial guidance:<\/b> for external-facing use, keep the language evidence-based and conditional. Prefer \u201cobserved in the study\u201d, \u201cassociated with\u201d, \u201cunder the experimental conditions\u201d and \u201cingredient-level evidence\u201d. Avoid wording that implies guaranteed consumer outcomes, disease treatment, disease prevention or approved health claims.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/main>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a3c574e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a3c574e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4cf6ec\" data-id=\"c4cf6ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07839d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"07839d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Detailed breakdown provided below.<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9e2b06c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9e2b06c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-639f301\" data-id=\"639f301\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91df864 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91df864\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Scientific Research on the TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Ingredient<\/strong><\/h2><p><strong>Legal Notice:<\/strong><br \/>The information presented below is intended for scientific and technical purposes only, directed exclusively to professionals in the food and research industries, and refers solely to the ingredient, not the finished product. It does not constitute advertising and is not intended for the end consumer.<\/p><p>The studies summarized here are provided for informational purposes and do not constitute authorized health claims under Regulation (EC) No. 1924\/2006.<\/p><p>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> is a naturally derived ingredient included in certain dietary supplements and foods, and it is not intended for the diagnosis, treatment, cure, or prevention of any disease.<\/p><p><strong>Clarification Note:<\/strong><\/p><p>The data presented summarize results observed by the authors under the experimental conditions of the studies. These findings should not be interpreted as evidence of clinical efficacy or as health claims applicable to the general consumption of dietary supplements.<\/p><p><strong>Summary of Scientific Studies on the Ingredient TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> <\/strong><\/p><p>One of the main objectives of our research has been to scientifically evaluate the biological characteristics of the TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> ingredient through studies <strong>conducted in collaboration with leading universities and research centers<\/strong>. These studies aim to better understand the antioxidant and metabolic mechanisms associated with the ingredient, without implying any health claims or clinical effects on human health.<\/p><ol><li><strong> Evaluation of Seminal Parameters in a Pilot Clinical Trial<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p><strong>Title<\/strong><\/p><p>Improvement of Semen Quality in Idiopathic Infertile Men by Dietary Supplementation with TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> : A Pilot Clinical Trial.<\/p><p><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p><p>Juan Manuel Corral, Meritxell Jodar, Roger Matheu, Eva Gonz\u00e1lez, Enrique Casta\u00f1o, Carlos Unamunzaga, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n, and Carlos Infante<\/p><p><strong>Publication data<\/strong><\/p><p>Biomedical Journal of Scientific &amp; Technical Research 2023, 50(4):41971-41975; doi:10.26717\/BJSTR.2023.50.007999Objetivos<\/p><p><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/p><p>This randomized single-blind pilot trial aimed to assess the potential beneficial effects of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> (derived from the marine microalga <em>Tetraselmis chuii<\/em>) on the semen quality of idiopathic infertile men. The study investigated whether TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation could improve seminal parameters in men diagnosed with idiopathic infertility, a condition representing approximately 30% of male infertility cases where no obvious cause explains the altered sperm characteristics.<a href=\"#fn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><p><strong>Results<\/strong><\/p><p>Forty individuals (ages 18-45) diagnosed as infertile were randomly divided into two groups receiving either 25 mg\/day or 250 mg\/day of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> for 90 days (covering a complete spermatogenesis cycle). Semen parameters including ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number, progressive motility, and normal forms were evaluated at baseline (t=0) and after treatment (t=3 months).<\/p><p>At baseline, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for any parameter, indicating initial homogeneity. However, after the 90-day supplementation period, individuals consuming 250 mg\/day exhibited significantly higher values than those receiving 25 mg\/day in multiple parameters: semen volume (3.09 mL vs 2.45 mL), sperm concentration (17.16 vs 11.63 \u00d7 10\u2076 sperm\/mL), total sperm number (52.75 vs 28.17 \u00d7 10\u2076 sperm), and progressive motility (32.85% vs 26.10%).<\/p><p>The 250 mg\/day dose provoked significant increases from baseline values in semen volume (34.93% increase), sperm concentration (86.16% increase), total sperm number (137.6% increase), and progressive motility (25.86% increase). Importantly, supplementation with 250 mg\/day allowed sperm concentration, total sperm number, and progressive motility to exceed the respective Lower Reference Limits (LRL) established by the World Health Organization.<\/p><p>The group receiving 25 mg\/day also exhibited significant but lower increases at 3 months compared to baseline in semen volume (21.29%) and total sperm number (77.74%), but not in sperm concentration and progressive motility. No significant effect of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation was observed in normal sperm morphology for either dose.<\/p><p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><\/p><p>This pilot study provides initial evidence that TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation, particularly at 250 mg\/day for 90 days, may significantly improve semen quality in men with idiopathic infertility. The dose-dependent effects observed strongly suggest a genuine therapeutic effect rather than placebo. The improvements observed in semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number, and progressive motility indicate that TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> may enhance male fertility through its demonstrated capacity to induce cellular antioxidant mechanisms. The ingredient&#8217;s high superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and balanced nutritional composition (including vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids, pigments, amino acids, and polyphenols) likely contribute to reducing oxidative stress, which is known to negatively impact spermatogenesis, epididymal maturation, and sperm capacitation. These results suggest TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> may be a valuable complementary therapy in the clinical treatment of male idiopathic infertility. However, the absence of a placebo control group and the limited sample size recommend validation through a larger double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial with intermediate dosages to better define the clinically relevant dose range.<\/p><p><strong>3.Activation of the NRF2\/HMOX1 Antioxidant Pathway in Human Cells (In Vitro).<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Title<\/strong><\/p><p>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Activates the Antioxidant Response Pathway in Human Cells: An In Vitro Approach<\/p><p><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p><p>Pilar Ram\u00edrez, Sonia Torres, Carmen Lama, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n, Carlos Unamunzaga, and Carlos Infante<\/p><p><strong>Publication data<\/strong><\/p><p>African Journal of Biotechnology 2020, 19(6):367-373; doi:10.5897\/AJB2020.17163<\/p><p><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/p><p>This study aimed to examine the antioxidant bioactivity of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> in human skeletal muscle cells in vitro. The research investigated whether TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation could induce primary antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) and activate genes involved in the cellular response against oxidative stress, including those encoding the transcription factor NRF2 and downstream antioxidant response elements.<\/p><p><strong>Results<\/strong><\/p><p>Normal Human Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts (HSMMs) were incubated with TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> extract at three different SOD concentrations: 30, 150, and 1500 U\/ml for 24 hours, with phosphate buffer serving as control.<\/p><ol><li>Antioxidant Enzyme Activities:<\/li><\/ol><p>The lowest dose (30 U\/ml) did not produce statistically significant changes in enzyme activity compared to the control. At both the 150 and 1500 U\/ml doses, significant increases were detected in all three antioxidant enzymes:<\/p><ul><li>SOD activity: increased by approximately 34% at 150 U\/ml and 37% at 1500 U\/ml<\/li><li>GPx activity: showed the highest variation, ranging between 72-83% increase at 150 and 1500 U\/ml, respectively<\/li><li>CAT activity: increased by approximately 37-42% at 150 and 1500 U\/ml, respectively<\/li><\/ul><ol start=\"2\"><li>Gene Expression Results:<\/li><\/ol><p>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> treatment significantly upregulated multiple antioxidant response genes in a dose-dependent manner:<\/p><ul><li>SOD1: showed the highest induction at 30 U\/ml (4.49-fold), remaining elevated at 150 U\/ml (4.32-fold), and declining to 3.80-fold at 1500 U\/ml<\/li><li>SOD2: was upregulated across all doses, ranging from 2.02-fold to 2.14-fold increase<\/li><li>SOD3: showed no significant changes between treatments and control<\/li><li>GPx1: increased significantly at 150 U\/ml (2.14-fold) and 1500 U\/ml (2.23-fold), with a non-significant 1.85-fold increase at 30 U\/ml<\/li><li>GPx4: exhibited no significant changes across any treatment<\/li><li>CAT: was significantly increased at 150 U\/ml (1.47-fold) and 1500 U\/ml (1.55-fold)<\/li><li>NRF2: showed no significant changes at 30 U\/ml, but significant increases at 150 U\/ml (2.05-fold) and 1500 U\/ml (2.04-fold)<\/li><li>HMOX1: was significantly upregulated at 30 U\/ml (1.69-fold) and 150 U\/ml (1.54-fold), but not at the highest dose<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><\/p><p>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> activates the NRF2\/HMOX1 antioxidant response pathway in human skeletal muscle cells, resulting in coordinated upregulation of primary antioxidant enzymes and their encoding genes. The ingredient functions as both a &#8220;direct&#8221; antioxidant through its high endogenous SOD, GPx, and CAT activities, and as an &#8220;indirect&#8221; antioxidant by inducing cytoprotective proteins through NRF2 pathway activation. The dose-dependent effects observed suggest optimal efficacy in the 150-1500 U\/ml range, with coordinated responses between enzyme activity levels and mRNA expression of key antioxidant genes (SOD1, SOD2, GPx1, and CAT). These findings represent an important contribution to understanding the molecular basis of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> &#8216;s cytoprotective effects and suggest that the ingredient may provide cellular protection against oxidative stress through coordinated activation of endogenous antioxidant defense systems. Further in vivo research is necessary to fully elucidate the complete mechanisms underlying the protective and preventive effects of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> consumption.<\/p><ol start=\"3\"><li><strong> Hematological and Hormonal Parameters in Healthy Young Men<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p><strong>Title<\/strong><\/p><p>Effects of <em>Tetraselmis chuii<\/em> Microalgae Supplementation on Anthropometric, Hormonal and Hematological Parameters in Healthy Young Men: A Double-Blind Study<\/p><p><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00c1ngel Garc\u00eda, V\u00edctor Toro-Rom\u00e1n, Jes\u00fas Siquier-Coll, Ignacio Bartolom\u00e9, Diego Mu\u00f1oz, and Marcos Maynar-Mari\u00f1o<\/p><p><strong>Publication data<\/strong><\/p><p>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022, 19, 6060; doi: 10.3390\/ijerph19106060<\/p><p><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation for sixty days on hematological, anthropometric, and hormonal parameters in healthy young men. Specifically, the research investigated whether varying doses of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> (25 mg\/day versus 200 mg\/day) would induce favorable changes in body composition, hormonal profiles, and blood parameters in a double-blind, placebo-controlled design.<\/p><p><strong>Results<\/strong><\/p><p>Forty-six healthy male participants were divided into three groups: placebo group (PLA; n=16), group supplemented with 25 mg\/day of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> (SG 25; n=15), and group supplemented with 200 mg\/day of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> (SG 200; n=15). Assessments were conducted at baseline, month 1, month 2, and after 30 days of supplementation cessation (desadaptation).<\/p><ol><li>Anthropometric Parameters:<\/li><\/ol><p>Significant increases in muscle percentage were observed in both SG 25 and SG 200 at month 2 compared to baseline (p &lt; 0.05). Correspondingly, significant decreases in fat percentage occurred in both supplemented groups (p &lt; 0.05), while the PLA group showed no significant changes. In SG 25, significant decreases in sum of six skinfolds were observed at month 2 compared to baseline (p &lt; 0.05).<\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li>Hormonal Parameters:<\/li><\/ol><p>Significant increases in erythropoietin (EPO) were observed in both supplemented groups at month 2 compared to baseline (p &lt; 0.05). Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) increased significantly in SG 25 and SG 200 at month 2 and remained elevated after desadaptation (p &lt; 0.01). Free testosterone increased in SG 25 at both month 2 and desadaptation compared to baseline (p &lt; 0.05). Cortisol levels remained stable in supplemented groups but increased significantly in PLA during desadaptation (p &lt; 0.05). Growth hormone (GH) decreased significantly in both PLA and SG 200 during desadaptation compared to baseline (p &lt; 0.05).<\/p><ol start=\"3\"><li>Hematological Parameters:<\/li><\/ol><p>In SG 25, significant increases in leukocytes and lymphocytes were observed (p &lt; 0.05). In SG 200, significant increases in lymphocyte concentrations occurred at month 2 compared to baseline (p &lt; 0.05). Platelet levels decreased significantly in both PLA and SG 25 (p &lt; 0.05). Hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) decreased significantly in both supplemented groups during desadaptation compared to previous evaluations (p &lt; 0.05).<\/p><p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><\/p><p>Daily supplementation with 25 mg of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> for sixty days effectively optimized hematological, hormonal, biochemical, and anthropometric parameters in healthy male students. No additional improvements were observed with the 200 mg dose, suggesting that 25 mg\/day represents the most effective dose. TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation increased anabolic hormones (free testosterone and IGF-1), enhanced erythropoiesis (through increased EPO), and improved immune function markers (increased leukocytes and lymphocytes). The composition of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> , particularly its high superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, bioactive peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and polysaccharides, appears to mediate these beneficial effects. The improvements in body composition were attributed to combined effects of increased testosterone and IGF-1, which promote muscle protein synthesis and reduce fat accumulation. These findings provide preliminary evidence that TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation may be beneficial in both sports and health fields, although further research with larger sample sizes, longer duration, and both male and female participants is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action.<\/p><ol start=\"4\"><li><strong> Preclinical Model of Metabolic Syndrome in Rats<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p><strong>Title<\/strong><\/p><p>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> , a Unique Marine Microalgae Ingredient, Promotes an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status in a Metabolic Syndrome-Induced Model in Rats<\/p><p><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p><p>Katherine Gil-Cardoso, Josep M. Del Bas, Antoni Caimari, Carmen Lama, Sonia Torres, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n, and Carlos Infante<\/p><p><strong>Publication data<\/strong><\/p><p>Nutrients 2022, 14, 4028; doi:10.3390\/nu14194028<\/p><p><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/p><p>This study aimed to assess the potential bioactive effects of three dietary dosages of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> in enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms to combat the metabolic disturbances that compose metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rats given a cafeteria (CAF) diet. The research investigated whether TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation could ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammation associated with diet-induced obesity and MetS.<\/p><p><strong>Results<\/strong><\/p><p>Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. After 8 weeks on a CAF diet to induce MetS, forty rats were randomly divided into four groups receiving vehicle or TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> at 0.17, 1.7, or 17 mg\/kg body weight per day for an additional 8 weeks, while ten control rats continued on standard diet.<\/p><ol><li>Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Plasma:<\/li><\/ol><p>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation at 17 mg\/kg\/day significantly decreased oxidized LDL (oxLDL) circulating levels by 11.89% compared to CAF diet controls (p = 0.044). Plasma nitric oxide (NOx) levels were enhanced by 56.67% in the 0.17 mg\/kg group compared to control. The highest dose (17 mg\/kg) significantly increased anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels by 113% compared to CAF control.<\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li>Hepatic Antioxidant Enzymes and Markers:<\/li><\/ol><p>The CAF diet decreased hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels, but supplementation with 17 mg\/kg TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> increased GSH by 15.21% compared to CAF control (p = 0.018). Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the liver increased by 12.71% in the 0.17 mg\/kg group (p = 0.043).<\/p><ol start=\"3\"><li>Hepatic Gene Expression:<\/li><\/ol><p>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation significantly upregulated genes involved in GSH metabolism, including glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione synthetase (GSH-S) in all supplemented groups. Both SOD1 and SOD2 genes showed significant upregulation with TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation. Pro-inflammatory pathway genes including TGF\u03b21 and NF\u03baB1, which were upregulated by the CAF diet, showed significant downregulation with TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation.<\/p><ol start=\"4\"><li>Gene Expression in Mesenteric White Adipose Tissue (MWAT):<\/li><\/ol><p>Adiponectin (ACDC) gene expression increased significantly in the 0.17 and 1.7 mg\/kg groups. Pro-inflammatory cytokine genes IL-1\u03b2, TNF\u03b1, and IFNG were significantly downregulated in all TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> -supplemented groups compared to CAF control. Anti-inflammatory IL-10 gene expression significantly increased in the 17 mg\/kg group.<\/p><ol start=\"5\"><li>Immune Tissue Gene Expression:<\/li><\/ol><p>In the thymus, TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation at all doses significantly downregulated pro-inflammatory genes (TNF\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IFNG, NF\u03baB1) that were upregulated by the CAF diet, while significantly upregulating anti-inflammatory IL-10. Similar patterns were observed in the spleen, with additional upregulation of FOXP3 (a regulatory T cell marker) in the 17 mg\/kg group.<\/p><p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><\/p><p>Chronic supplementation with TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> for 8 weeks at doses of 0.17, 1.7, and 17 mg\/kg\/day ameliorated abnormalities associated with MetS, including oxidative stress and inflammation, in CAF diet-induced obese rats. The ingredient promoted endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms in the liver by increasing GPx activity and GSH levels, and by upregulating genes encoding key antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, SOD2, GPX1, GR, GSH-S) and GSH synthesis enzymes (GCLm). TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> modulated oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in plasma by reducing oxLDL, increasing NOx and IL-10 levels, demonstrating both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The ingredient regulated genes involved in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory pathways across multiple tissues including liver, mesenteric white adipose tissue, thymus, and spleen. Specifically, TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1\u03b2, TNF\u03b1, IFNG) and inflammatory pathway genes (NF\u03baB1,) while upregulating anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10, adiponectin, FOXP3). These findings indicate that TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> operates through multiple mechanisms including enhancement of cellular antioxidant enzyme systems, modulation of the Nrf2\/HMOX-1 and NF\u03baB signaling pathways, and regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Overall, TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> appears to be a potential therapeutic option for the management of metabolic syndrome by addressing both oxidative stress and chronic inflammation that characterize this condition.<\/p><ol start=\"5\"><li><strong> Evaluation of Phytoplankton on Exercise-Related Parameters and Biological Response Markers in Humans and an Animal Model<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p><strong>Title<\/strong><\/p><p>Phytoplankton Supplementation Lowers Muscle Damage and Sustains Performance across Repeated Exercise Bouts in Humans and Improves Antioxidant Capacity in a Mechanistic Animal<\/p><p><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p><p>Matthew Sharp, Kazim Sahin, Matthew Stefan, Cemal Orhan, Raad Gheith, Dallen Reber, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Tuzcu, Ryan Lowery, Shane Durkee, and Jacob Wilson<\/p><p><strong>Publication data<\/strong><\/p><p>Nutrients 2020, 12, 1990; doi:10.3390\/nu12071990<\/p><p><strong>Objective<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong><\/p><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> on athletic performance and muscle damage following cross-training events in endurance-trained subjects. Additionally, an animal model was conducted to assess the effects of varying dosages of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> on intramuscular antioxidant capacity in exercising rats.<\/p><p><strong>Results<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>Human Trial:<\/li><\/ol><p>In the human study involving 18 endurance-trained subjects who underwent a 14-day supplementation protocol (25 mg\/day), significant differences were observed between the TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> and placebo (PLA) groups. Squat jump (SJ) power decreased 15% less in the TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> group compared to PLA at 24 hours post-exercise. Isometric strength decrements from baseline to 48 hours post-exercise were 12% greater in the PLA group than in the TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> group. Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels, a marker of muscle damage, were 14% higher in the PLA group compared to TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> group at 24 hours post-exercise.<\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li>Animal Trial:<\/li><\/ol><p>In the animal model, Wistar rats performed treadmill exercise five days per week for six weeks while receiving varying doses of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation. Intramuscular antioxidant capacity increased in a dose-dependent manner across groups (Exercise + High Dose TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> &gt; Exercise + Low Dose TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> &gt; Exercise Only &gt; Control). Specifically, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were all significantly elevated in supplemented groups compared to exercise alone. Markers of muscle damage (CK and myoglobin) were significantly lower in supplemented groups compared to exercise-only groups. Oxidative stress, measured by malonaldehyde (MDA) levels, was reduced in a dose-dependent manner with TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation.<\/p><p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><\/p><p>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation effectively sustains athletic performance and reduces muscle damage across repeated exercise bouts involving endurance, strength, and power activities. The mechanistic data suggest that TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> operates by elevating intramuscular antioxidant capacity in skeletal muscle, particularly through increased activity of key antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px. These findings indicate that TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> may be beneficial for athletes competing under high-stress scenarios with limited recovery time between events, potentially improving recovery during demanding training or competition periods.<\/p><ol start=\"6\"><li><strong>Evaluation of Marine Phytoplankton on Exercise-Related Parameters in Humans and Animal Models<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p><strong>Title<\/strong><\/p><p>Marine Phytoplankton Improves Exercise Recovery in Humans and Activates Repair Mechanisms in Rats<\/p><p><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p><p>Matthew H. Sharp, Kazim Sahin, Matt W. Stefan, Raad H. Gheith, Dallen D. Reber, Charlie R. Ottinger, Cemal Orhan, Mehmet Tuzcu, Nurhan Sahin, Ryan P. Lowery, Shane Durkee, and Jacob M. Wilson<\/p><p><strong>Publication data<\/strong><\/p><p>International Journal of Sports Medicine 2021, 42:1070-1082; doi:10.1055\/a-1320-1061<\/p><p><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/p><p>The study investigated the effects of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation on: 1) perceived recovery and ground reaction forces in humans following a non-functional overreaching resistance-training program, and 2) myogenic molecular markers associated with muscle cell recovery in a rat model. The research aimed to determine whether TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> could enhance recovery during periods of intensified training designed to induce overreaching.<\/p><p><strong>Results<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>Human Trial:<\/li><\/ol><p>Twenty-two subjects completed a 5-week resistance training program with intentional overreaching during weeks 2 and 5, receiving either 25 mg\/day of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> or placebo (PLA). TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation produced significant improvements in perceived recovery status at post-testing compared to PLA (TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> : +1.1 \u00b1 0.4 a.u., +16%; PLA: \u20130.5 \u00b1 0.9 a.u., \u20136%). While both groups demonstrated decreased peak and mean rate of force development (RFD) following the overreaching weeks, the PLA group remained significantly decreased at post-testing (67.7% of baseline), whereas the TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> group returned to baseline levels (98.0% of baseline). The relative change in peak and mean RFD at post-testing was significantly different between groups.<\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li>Animal Trial:<\/li><\/ol><p>Wistar rats performed treadmill exercise five days per week for six weeks while receiving either PLA, low-dose TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> (2.55 mg\/Kg\/day), or high-dose TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> (5.1 mg\/Kg\/day). TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation in exercising rats significantly increased positive myogenic factors (MyoD and NCAM) that regulate satellite cell proliferation and decreased negative regulators (myostatin, MuRF-1, and MAFbx) in a dose-dependent manner. Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels, a marker of muscle damage, were significantly elevated in the exercise-only group compared to control, but both supplemented groups showed significantly lower CK levels than the exercise-only group, with the high-dose group demonstrating the greatest reduction.<\/p><p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><\/p><p>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation (25 mg\/day) effectively improves long-term recovery during intensified resistance training that induces non-functional overreaching. The ingredient sustained explosive strength performance and improved perceived recovery status in humans following fatiguing training periods. Mechanistically, these benefits appear to be driven through enhanced cell cycle regulation of satellite cells and improved protein turnover, as evidenced by increased expression of positive myogenic regulators (MyoD and NCAM) and decreased expression of negative regulators (myostatin and its downstream targets MuRF-1 and MAFbx). These findings indicate that TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> may be beneficial for athletes undergoing high-stress training scenarios with limited recovery time between sessions. No adverse effects or negative changes in blood safety parameters were observed, confirming the safety of the ingredient for human consumption.<\/p><ol start=\"7\"><li><strong>Evaluation of Marine Phytoplankton on Exercise-Associated Parameters and Immune Markers in Humans and a Rat Model<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p><strong>Title<\/strong><\/p><p>Marine Phytoplankton Improves Recovery and Sustains Immune Function in Humans and Lowers Proinflammatory Immunoregulatory Cytokines in a Rat Model<\/p><p><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p><p>Matthew Sharp, Jacob Wilson, Matthew Stefan, Raad Gheith, Ryan Lowery, Charlie Ottinger, Dallen Reber, Cemal Orhan, Nurhan Sahin, Mehmet Tuzcu, Shane Durkee, Zainulabedin Saiyed, and Kazim Sahin<\/p><p><strong>Publication data<\/strong><\/p><p>Physical Activity and Nutrition 2021, 25(1):042-055; doi:10.20463\/pan.2021.0007<\/p><p><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/p><p>This study investigated the effects of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> on: 1) maximal isometric strength and immune function in healthy humans following a one-week high-intensity resistance-training program, and 2) the proinflammatory cytokine response to exercise in a rat model. The research aimed to determine whether TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> could prevent decrements in functional exercise recovery and immune function while modulating oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine responses.<\/p><p><strong>Results<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>Human Trial:<\/li><\/ol><p>Twenty-two healthy participants completed a study protocol consisting of a 14-day supplementation phase (25 mg\/day TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> or placebo (PLA)) followed by five consecutive days of intense resistance training. TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation prevented significant declines in the isometric peak rate of force development (RFD) compared to placebo. Specifically, the PLA group demonstrated significantly decreased peak RFD at 48 hours post-training (67.7% of baseline), while the TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> group returned to baseline levels (98.0% of baseline). The absolute mean difference in peak RFD from baseline to 48 hours post-testing was significantly different between groups (PLA: -2202 \u00b1 981 vs. TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> : -949 \u00b1 716 N\u00b7s\u207b\u00b9). Additionally, salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentration was significantly lower following the resistance training protocol in the PLA group (202.8 \u00b5g\/mL decrease) but not in the TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> group (148.8 \u00b5g\/mL decrease, not significant).<\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li>Animal Trial:<\/li><\/ol><p>Twenty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, exercise only, exercise + low-dose TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> (2.55 mg\/kg\/day), and exercise + high-dose TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> (5.1 mg\/kg\/day), performing treadmill exercise five days per week for six weeks. TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation in exercising rats decreased intramuscular levels and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1\u03b2) in a dose-dependent manner compared to exercise-only and control groups. Both supplemented groups showed significantly lower TNF-\u03b1 levels than the exercise-only group, with the high-dose group demonstrating the greatest reduction. Intramuscular malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, a marker of oxidative stress, was significantly reduced in supplemented groups compared to both control and exercise-only groups in a dose-dependent manner.<\/p><p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><\/p><p>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation (25 mg\/day) effectively prevented decrements in indices of functional exercise recovery and immune function following short-term intensive resistance training in humans. The ingredient sustained explosive strength performance and preserved salivary immunoglobulin A levels, which serve as markers of immune function. Mechanistically, these benefits appear to be mediated by modulating the oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine response to exercise, as evidenced by reduced intramuscular oxidative stress (lower MDA levels) and decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2) in the rat model. These findings indicate that TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation may be beneficial for individuals undergoing intensive training periods, potentially reducing the risk of immune suppression and infection that can occur during high-stress training scenarios. The study concluded that mitigating proinflammatory cytokines could improve neuromuscular function and the functional capacity of musculature during recovery periods.<\/p><ol start=\"8\"><li><strong> Investigation of <em>Tetraselmis chuii<\/em> on Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression and Oxygen Consumption-Related Variables in Healthy Adults<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p><strong>Title<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Tetraselmis chuii<\/em> Supplementation Increases Skeletal Muscle Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 and Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression, and Peak Oxygen Uptake in Healthy Adults: A Randomised Crossover Trial<\/p><p><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p><p>Stuart P. Cocksedge, Carlos Infante, Sonia Torres, Carmen Lama, Lalia Mantec\u00f3n, Manuel Manchado, Jarred P. Acton, Nehal S. Alsharif, Tom Clifford, Alex J. Wadley, Richard A. Ferguson, Nicolette C. Bishop, Neil R. W. Martin, and Stephen J. Bailey<\/p><p><strong>Publication data<\/strong><\/p><p>Antioxidants 2025, 14, 435; doi:10.3390\/antiox14040435<\/p><p><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/p><p>This study aimed to assess the effect of supplementation with 25 mg\/day superoxide dismutase (SOD)-rich <em>Tetraselmis chuii<\/em> (<em>T. chuii<\/em>) for 14 days on high-intensity endurance exercise capacity, peak oxygen uptake (VO\u2082peak), and numerous genes related to Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) signalling and its downstream effects on antioxidant and inflammatory responses in human skeletal muscle tissue. The research sought to determine whether <em>T. chuii<\/em> supplementation would increase endurance exercise capacity, VO\u2082peak, and genes related to NRF2 signalling and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses in skeletal muscle tissue of healthy adults.<\/p><p><strong>Results<\/strong><\/p><p>The study consisted of two separate experiments with independent participant groups. In the gene expression study, 13 healthy male participants completed a randomized, double-blind, crossover design with 14 days of supplementation (<em>T. chuii<\/em> or placebo) separated by a 2-week washout period. In the exercise performance study, 13 healthy male participants followed the same supplementation protocol with exercise testing before and after each supplementation period.<\/p><ol><li>Gene Expression Results:<\/li><li><em> chuii<\/em> supplementation significantly increased skeletal muscle gene expression of 15 genes with medium to large effect sizes (p &lt; 0.05). Key upregulated genes included: NRF2 (1.62-fold \u00b1 2.16), glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPX7; 1.26-fold \u00b1 1.37), glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR; 1.22-fold \u00b1 1.41), glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (GSTM3; 1.34-fold \u00b1 1.49), peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6; 1.36-fold \u00b1 1.57), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (ERK3; 1.92-fold \u00b1 2.42), p38 alpha (p38\u03b1; 1.33-fold \u00b1 1.58), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1; 1.73-fold \u00b1 2.25). Additionally, phospholipase A2 group XIIA (PLA2G12A; 1.63-fold \u00b1 2.05), phospholipase A2 group XVI (PLA2G16; 1.36-fold \u00b1 1.42), JUN proto-oncogene (JUN; 1.53-fold \u00b1 1.89), cullin 3 (CUL3; 1.77-fold \u00b1 2.49), and others showed significant increases. An additional 12 genes showed upregulation with medium effect sizes without reaching statistical significance (p = 0.05-0.10), including catalase (CAT; 1.40-fold \u00b1 1.87) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2; 1.40-fold \u00b1 1.86).<\/li><\/ol><p>Correlation analyses revealed strong to moderate negative relationships between baseline gene expression and the magnitude of change after <em>T. chuii<\/em> supplementation in 53 genes (p &lt; 0.05), indicating that individuals with lower baseline expression exhibited greater increases following supplementation.<\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li>Exercise Performance Results:<\/li><\/ol><p>Compared to pre-supplementation values, VO\u2082 peak was significantly increased following <em>T. chuii<\/em> supplementation (p = 0.013) but not placebo (p = 0.66). End-exercise VO\u2082 was significantly greater after <em>T. chuii<\/em> supplementation (4.06 \u00b1 0.38 L\/min) compared to pre-supplementation (3.92 \u00b1 0.28 L\/min; p = 0.013; effect size = 0.8). No significant changes were observed in end-exercise rating of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate concentration, or time to exhaustion (Tlim), although Tlim showed a non-significant 17% increase compared to baseline.<\/p><p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><\/p><p>Short-term <em>T. chuii<\/em> supplementation (25 mg\/day for 14 days) effectively increased skeletal muscle gene expression of the master antioxidant transcription factor NRF2 and key enzymatic antioxidants (GPX7, GSR, GSTM3, and PRDX6), signalling kinases (ERK3 and p38\u03b1), and post-translational regulators (SIRT1) that protect against cellular stress. This represents important evidence that <em>T. chuii<\/em> can activate NRF2 signalling in human skeletal muscle, unlike many other purported nutritional NRF2 activators that have shown no effect in human trials. The supplement also significantly increased VO\u2082 peak, a critical determinant of exercise capacity and performance that is inversely associated with ill health and mortality. The molecular mechanisms underlying the improved VO\u2082 peak may involve enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis through NRF2, SIRT1, and MAPK signalling pathways, though direct assessment of mitochondrial content was not performed. The inverse relationship between baseline gene expression and supplementation-induced changes suggests that individuals with depleted antioxidant status may benefit most from <em>T. chuii<\/em> supplementation. These findings indicate that SOD-rich <em>T. chuii<\/em> represents a promising natural supplement with potential to improve skeletal muscle antioxidant responses and systemic oxidative metabolism in healthy adults. The supplement was well tolerated with no reported side effects.<\/p><ol start=\"9\"><li><strong>Evaluation of <em>Tetraselmis chuii<\/em> Supplementation on Ergoespirometric, Hematological, and Biochemical Parameters in Amateur Soccer Players<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p><strong>Title<\/strong><\/p><p>Effects of <em>Tetraselmis chuii<\/em> Microalgae Supplementation on Ergospirometric, Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in Amateur Soccer Players<\/p><p><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p><p>V\u00edctor Toro, Jes\u00fas Siquier-Coll, Ignacio Bartolom\u00e9, Mar\u00eda C. Robles-Gil, Javier Rodrigo, and Marcos Maynar-Mari\u00f1o<\/p><p><strong>Publication data<\/strong><\/p><p>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6885; doi:10.3390\/ijerph17186885<\/p><p><strong>Objectives<\/strong><\/p><p>This study aimed to analyze the effects of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation during thirty days on ergospirometric, haematological, and biochemical parameters in amateur soccer players. The research sought to evaluate whether TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation (25 mg\/day) would improve athletic performance and aerobic capacity while assessing potential positive or negative effects on blood parameters in a double-blind, placebo-controlled design.<\/p><p><strong>Results<\/strong><\/p><p>In the study involving thirty-two amateur soccer players randomized into control (PLA; n=16) and TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplemented groups (TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> ; n=16) who ingested 25 mg of TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> or lactose placebo (PLA) daily for thirty days, significant improvements were observed in the supplemented group.<\/p><ol><li>Ergospirometric Parameters:<\/li><\/ol><p>Heart rate decreased significantly after TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation compared to PLA at both aerobic threshold (VT1) and anaerobic threshold (VT2), with reductions at VT1. Maximum heart rate (HR<sub>max<\/sub>) decreased significantly in TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> post-supplementation (198.43 \u00b1 6.28 to 194.42 \u00b1 4.52 bpm; p &lt; 0.05). Oxygen pulse increased from 19.04 \u00b1 2.53 to 22.08 \u00b1 2.25 mL\/beat (p &lt; 0.05). Absolute VO<sub>2max<\/sub> increased from 3.72 \u00b1 0.35 to 3.99 \u00b1 0.25 L\/min (p &lt; 0.05), and relative VO<sub>2max<\/sub> increased from 53.56 \u00b1 3.26 to 56.74 \u00b1 3.43 mL\/min\/kg (p &lt; 0.05). Heart rate recovery at 3 minutes post-test also decreased significantly in TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> compared to PLA (p &lt; 0.05).<\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li>Haematological Parameters:<\/li><\/ol><p>Haemoglobin levels increased significantly in TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> from 15.12 \u00b1 0.87 to 16.58 \u00b1 0.74 g\/dL (p &lt; 0.01), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) increased from 28.03 \u00b1 1.57 to 30.82 \u00b1 1.21 Pg (p &lt; 0.05). Conversely, haematocrit decreased from 48.03 \u00b1 2.15 to 46.68 \u00b1 2.05% (p &lt; 0.05), and mean platelet volume (MPV) decreased from 9.02 \u00b1 1.13 to 8.04 \u00b1 1.05 fL (p &lt; 0.05).<a href=\"#fn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><ol start=\"3\"><li>Biochemical Parameters:<\/li><\/ol><p>Glucose levels increased from 83.01 \u00b1 10.31 to 91.01 \u00b1 5.40 mg\/dL (p &lt; 0.01), uric acid increased from 5.76 \u00b1 0.76 to 6.04 \u00b1 0.77 mg\/dL (p &lt; 0.05), and creatinine increased from 0.96 \u00b1 0.10 to 1.07 \u00b1 0.12 mg\/dL (p &lt; 0.05). All biochemical parameters remained within normal clinical ranges. No changes were observed in the control group.<\/p><p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><\/p><p>TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation (25 mg\/day) for thirty days effectively improved ergospirometric parameters in amateur soccer players, demonstrated by decreased resting heart rate and increased maximum oxygen uptake. The improvements in oxygen pulse and oxygen consumption suggest enhanced oxygen transport and metabolic efficiency during aerobic exercise. The increases in haemoglobin and MCH suggest that TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> may enhance erythropoiesis through its mineral content, particularly iron and calcium, which support red blood cell function and oxygen delivery. The protective effects on biochemical markers indicate that TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation produces no adverse effects on liver or kidney function, with all parameters remaining within normal ranges. Although preliminary, these results suggest that TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> supplementation could serve as an ergogenic aid for amateur athletes, though further research with larger sample sizes, different populations, and various TetraSOD<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> concentrations is needed to establish dose-response relationships and elucidate the precise mechanisms of action.<\/p><h2><strong>Scientific articles of interest about SOD<\/strong><\/h2><p>Numerous studies in the scientific literature investigate the role of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in antioxidant defense mechanisms and its function within cellular redox balance. These studies provide insights into its biological relevance and potential implications in various physiological contexts.<\/p><ol><li>Superoxide dismutase, an updated review on its health benefits and industrial applications:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2021.1913400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2021.1913400<\/a><\/li><li>Antioxidant Foods and Cardiometabolic Health:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11040746\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11040746<\/a><\/li><li>Effects of SOD Supplementation on Ergospirometric, Haematological and Biochemical Parameters:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17186885\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17186885<\/a><\/li><li>Antioxidant-Rich (SOD) Marine Phytoplankton Supplementation Lowers Muscle Damage:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12071990\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12071990<\/a><\/li><li>Therapeutic Treatment of Superoxide Dismutase Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Model Mice:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23063403\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23063403<\/a><\/li><li>Effect of Physical Exercise Under Different Intensity and Antioxidative Supplementation for Superoxide Dismutase:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.707176\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.707176<\/a><\/li><li>Health benefits of microalgae and their microbiomes:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1751-7915.14082\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1751-7915.14082<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientific Studies Backed TetraSOD\u00ae Properties Index of contents: Scientific Research on the TetraSOD\u00ae ingredient Relevant Scientific articles on SOD Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. 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